La recherche identifie une protéine jusque-là inconnue, LMAN1, qui se lie aux allergènes courants pour déclencher des réactions inflammatoires dans l’asthme allergique. Cette découverte généralisée pourrait redéfinir l’approche thérapeutique de l’asthme allergique et a remporté une subvention de 1,5 million de dollars des National Institutes of Health pour une enquête plus approfondie.
Pour ceux qui souffrent d’allergies, en particulier d’asthme allergique, le printemps peut être décourageant. Heureusement, le chercheur de l’UCLA, le Dr Justin Tigno Aranjuez, fait des percées qui pourraient faire de nombreuses allergies courantes une chose du passé.
Pendant des années, la recherche et les traitements de l’asthme allergique se sont largement concentrés sur le ciblage des cytokines inflammatoires dans le corps qui réagissent aux allergènes et provoquent une production accrue de mucus, une respiration sifflante et des difficultés respiratoires. Les médicaments couramment prescrits tels que l’omalizumab, le dupilumab, le mépolizumab et le reslizumab réduisent ou bloquent les diverses cytokines et anticorps responsables de la réponse asthmatique, mais ils agissent après le début de l’inflammation des voies respiratoires du patient.
Le Dr Tigno-Aranjuez voulait trouver une nouvelle approche pour empêcher les récepteurs d’allergènes de réagir en premier lieu. J’ai donc utilisé une technologie appelée LRC-TriCEPS – qui identifie les récepteurs dans les cellules – pour un allergène courant, l’acarien de la poussière domestique. La technologie a démontré une protéine cellulaire appelée LMAN1 qui n’avait pas été identifiée auparavant pour son rôle dans la réponse allergique du corps.
Mes découvertes ont été récemment publiées dans
Before her discovery, LMAN1 was generally known as a cargo receptor – a protein that transports other proteins inside and outside the cell. However, Dr. Tigno-Aranjuez demonstrated that house dust mite allergens and LMAN1 can bind together on the cell surface to cause the inflammatory or allergic reaction. Her research further showed that the binding depended on specific mannose sugar structures on the house dust mite allergens. This discovery has tremendous potential since many other common allergens, including pollen and fungi, are mannosylated, or modified by the addition of mannose sugars.
“Our thinking is that this could potentially not just be restricted to dust mites because many other allergens are mannosylated, this could be a very broad receptor that recognizes many different allergens,” she explained. “If you are thinking in terms of potential therapy, by understanding how LMAN1 recognizes dust mites and the consequences of such recognition, you could apply this to many other settings, and that is what we are currently trying to explore.”
The National Institutes of Health also saw potential with the UCF research, having just awarded Dr. Tigno-Aranjuez a $1.5M R01 grant to see if LMAN1 has a role in the expression of other mannosylated allergens.
Dr. Tigno-Aranjuez’s research on LMAN1 is performed in collaboration with the Cleveland Clinic. Dr. Bin Zhang, Associate Professor at the Lerner Research Institute, serves as co-investigator on this study. Dr. Zhang is considered an expert in LMAN1.
“LMAN 1 has been largely known as a protein that is involved in transporting proteins from inside cells to the outside of cells,” explained Dr. Zhang. “This research is the first one to show an entirely new function of LMAN1, as a receptor to bring proteins, such as allergens, from outside of cells to the inside. This could open up a new pathway for treatment.”
With hundreds of thousands of allergic asthma cases in the United States every year, and many more worldwide, this research represents a step forward toward helping these patients.
“Asthma is so prevalent that sometimes, people think, ‘We’ve already got a lot of treatments, we’ve got it covered.’ The reality is that we could always use more options, we could always improve upon existing treatments.” Said Dr. Tigno-Aranjuez. “Many treatments can only be prescribed if you meet certain clinical criteria, many treatments are cost prohibitive, many are not covered by insurance. So any new treatment we can put forth that could potentially be a more universal treatment would always be an advance.”
Dr. Tigno-Aranjuez and her team are now conducting research to confirm their hypothesis that other mannosylated allergens, such as pollen, are also recognized by LMAN1. If true, this could have broad implications in future therapies for many of the most common allergens.
Dr. Tigno-Aranjuez immigrated to the United States from the Philippines to conduct her graduate and postdoctoral training at Case Western University in Cleveland. She joined UCF in 2015 and focuses her research on immune signaling pathways involved in chronic inflammatory diseases such as asthma and Crohn’s disease.
Reference: “LMAN1 is a receptor for house dust mite allergens” by Madelyn H. Miller, Lindsay G. Swaby, Vanessa S. Vailoces, Maggie LaFratta, Yuan Zhang, Xiang Zhu, Dorilyn J. Hitchcock, Travis J. Jewett, Bin Zhang and Justine T. Tigno-Aranjuez, 3 March 2023, Cell Reports.
DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112208
